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Search Strategies: Westlaw, Lexis Advance, Bloomberg Law: Constructing Searches

A guide to the three major legal research platforms

Database Help

If you need additional assistance navigating these databases, check out their help centers.

WestlawNext

  • Help Center accessible at the bottom of the page
  • Email, or
  • Call 1-800-REF-ATTY

Lexis Advance

  • Help, accessible from top of the page
  • Call 1-800-45-LEXIS

Bloomberg Law

 

Of course, you can always contact the Reference Office for research help as well:

Constructing Searches: Connectors & Wildcards

Boolean Operators

Description WestlawNext Lexis Advance Bloomberg Law Examples

results with both terms

&, and and* and assault & battery (W), assault and battery (W, L, B)
results with either term or, space b/t words or** or assault or battery (W, L, B), assault battery (W)

exclude term

%, but not and not and not, but not assault % battery (W), assault but not battery (W, B), assault and not battery (L, B)

* The Lexis Advance search algorithm will recognize certain search strings as phrases, rather than a search command.  Thus 'assault and battery' is treated as a phrase in Lexis Advance, rather than a command to search for results with both the words 'assault' and 'battery,' so you get results with 'assault and battery,' 'assault,' and 'battery.'

** The Lexis Adavnce search algorithm will recognize a space between words as an 'or' only when no other connectors are used in the search; so 'tort and assault battery' would bring back different results than 'tort assault battery.'

Proximity Search Commands

Description

WestlawNext Lexis Advance Bloomberg Law For example:
within the same sentence /s, w/s w/sent, w/s, /s* s/, /s, /sent assault /s battery (W, L, B), assault w/s battery (W, L), assault w/sent battery (L, B), assault s/ battery (B)
within the same paragraph /p, w/p w/para, w/p, /p* p/, /p, /para assault /p battery, (W, L, B), assaulty w/p battery (W, L), assault w/para battery (L, B), assault p/ battery (B)
within n words /n near/n /n, w/n assault /5 battery (W, B), assault near/5 battery (L), assault w/5 battery (B)
within n words and in designated order +n pre/n +n, pre/n assault +7 battery (W, B), assault pre/5 battery (L, B)
phrase searching within quotes within quotes within quotes, space between words "collateral estoppel" (W, L, B), collateral estoppel (B)
grouping terms within parentheses within parentheses within parantheses (assault and battery) /s (dog and bite)
term frequency in results atleastn [doesn't support] atln, atleastn atleast5(assault) (W, B), atl5(assault) (B)

* The sentence and paragraph parameters in Lexis Advance are treated numerically.  Thus, any of the sentence proximity commands are treated as near/15, and any of the paragraph proximity commands are treated as near/50.

Word Variants

Description WestlawNext Lexis Advance Bloomberg Law For example:
root expander ! !, * ! constitut! finds results with  constitute, constituting, constituted, constitution, constitutions, constitutional, etc. (W, L, B); constitut* does the same (L)
single character variation * *, ? * wom*n brings back results with woman and women (W, L, B); wom?n does the same (L)
singular v. plural forms searched automatically regular plurals searched automatically must check the "include word variations" box on search page automatic (W, L*), check the box in B
hyphenated terms searching as a hyphenated will automatically search any form searching as a hyphenated will automatically search any form must search both hyphenated and unhyphenated, connected by 'or' wi-fi will automatically search for wi-fi and wifi (W, L), must search both in B ('wi-fi' or wifi')

* Lexis Advance automatically searches for plurals indicated by an -s (dogs, cats), but irregular plurals (children, women) have to be searched separately (ex: 'woman or women')

(Inspiration for these tables came from a research guide at Drake Law.)